VIETNAMESE CULTURE – Customs + Traditions + Holidays

1. Family Ties
2. TET – New Year
3. Cuisine + Food
4. History Buildings
5. Arts and Crafts
6. Traditional Tattoo
7. Music and Dance
8. Traditional Ao Dai
9. Parades + Festivals
10. Tea Ceremonies

Vietnamese Culture: A Diverse Mosaic of Traditional Heritage.

• • Vietnamese culture, rich and diverse, reflects the millennia-old history and geographical diversity of this fascinating country in Southeast Asia. It encompasses many aspects such as traditions, customs, art, architecture, and cuisine, which together form a unique mosaic of Vietnamese identity. In this article, you will learn about an overview of Vietnamese culture, exploring ways of life, traditions, and customs that are important to this nation.
  • Vietnamese culture is rooted in a long history and traditional values that have been carefully preserved and passed down from generation to generation. The country itself, stretching from north to south, features diverse terrain, from mountainous regions and river deltas to beautiful coastlines. This diverse environment has influenced not only geography but also the way of life and customs of the people.
  • One of the key elements of Vietnamese culture is family. Family plays a central role in the lives of most Vietnamese and is often considered the highest value. Respect for elders and loyalty to the family unit are deeply ingrained in Vietnamese society. Often, three to four generations live under one roof and share joys and sorrows together.

Religion and Ethics: Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.

• • Another significant aspect of Vietnamese culture is Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. These religious traditions are deeply rooted in the daily lives of the people and influence their moral values and ethics. Vietnamese culture is also open to influences from other countries, especially China and France, which have left a profound mark on architecture, cuisine, and art.
  • A prominent feature of Vietnamese culture is traditional festivals and celebrations. Tet Nguyen Dan, also known as the Vietnamese New Year, is the most significant and eagerly anticipated festival of the year. It is celebrated at the beginning of the lunar calendar and is accompanied by a colorful array of traditional customs, such as house cleaning, gift exchanges, and the preparation of traditional dishes.
  • Overall, Vietnamese culture is a fascinating blend of traditional values and modern influence. It is a culture proud of its past but also open to new challenges and opportunities. It is a culture that honors family, tradition, and the beauty of its land while also striving to reconcile this rich history with the fast pace of contemporary life.

BOOK A TOUR / ACTIVITY in Vietnam ➜

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10 Important Points of Vietnamese Culture and Traditions:

1. Family Ties in Vietnam

Vietnam is a country where family plays an immeasurably important role. Family ties are perceived as an indispensable foundation of Vietnamese society and culture. The family is not just a social unit; it is the cornerstone that binds generations into a close-knit community that provides support and mutual respect to each other. The tradition of mutual assistance is a prominent characteristic of Vietnamese life.

Special attention is given to the authority of elder family members, who possess wisdom and experience that are respected and acknowledged by younger generations. Respect for elders is an integral part of the Vietnamese cultural code. This respect is reflected in everyday behavior and relationships among family members.

• Example: When someone in the family falls ill, all family members come together to ensure care and support during treatment and recovery.

2. Tet (Vietnamese New Year):

Vietnamese New Year, known as Tet, is the most significant and joyful holiday in Vietnam. This celebration of the new year according to the lunar calendar is a radiant moment when the entire country unites in joy and hope for the year ahead. Tet is significantly more than just a transition from one year to another; it is a time for thorough house cleaning and preparations for the upcoming festivities.

Preparations for Tet begin weeks before the actual holiday. Households undergo a thorough cleaning process, getting rid of all the old and unnecessary items. This brings cleanliness and freshness to homes, symbolizing the start of the new year.

• Example: During Tet, families traditionally gather to cook traditional dishes such as banh chung (sticky rice wrapped in banana leaves) and banh tet (smooth rice).

3. Traditional Vietnamese Cuisine:

Vietnamese cuisine is one of the most exceptional in the world when it comes to flavors and aromas. This cuisine is characterized by fresh and healthy ingredients that are combined to create exceptionally tasty dishes. Traditional Vietnamese cuisine is known for the use of aromatic herbs such as coriander, mint leaves, and basil, which give the dishes a spicy and refreshing character.

Some of the most famous dishes include pho, banh mi, goi cuon, and many more. Vietnamese cuisine is not just about the food but also about the way of eating and sharing among people. Sharing meals with family and friends is an important way of connecting and bonding.

• Example: Goi cuon, fresh spring rolls filled with shrimp, pork, herbs, and served with hoisin sauce, is a popular light dish.

4. Pagodas and Temples in Vietnam:

Vietnam is home to many beautiful pagodas and temples that hold deep spiritual significance while being cultural treasures of the country. These sacred places play a crucial role in Vietnamese culture and religious life. Pagodas are often associated with Buddhism, while temples are dedicated to various religious traditions, including Taoism and Confucianism. Pagodas and temples are places where the faithful come to seek spiritual peace, meditate, and express their devotion.

Architecturally, these sanctuaries are impressive, featuring beautiful adorned gates, pavilions, and statues that showcase the art and craftsmanship of Vietnamese artists. Some of the most famous pagodas and temples include the One Pillar Pagoda in Hanoi, the Thien Mu Pagoda in Hue, and the Temple of Literature in Hanoi. Vietnam has many impressive pagodas and temples throughout the country, and these landmarks attract tourists from around the world.

• Example: The Thien Mu Pagoda in Hue is one of the most famous pagodas in Vietnam and offers a beautiful view of the Perfume River. Hanoi, Hue, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City also have a number of interesting pagodas and temples.

5. Arts and Crafts in Vietnam:

Vietnamese arts and crafts have a rich history and reflect creativity and traditional skills passed down from generation to generation. This art encompasses various disciplines such as painting, sculpture, textile art, ceramics, and many others. One of the most renowned expressions of Vietnamese art is the traditional production of silk and porcelain. The creators of these products employ traditional techniques and patterns that have been preserved for centuries. Special craftsmanship is evident in every piece made within these artistic traditions.

Vietnamese painting and sculpture are also impressive, often capturing the natural beauty and everyday life. Historical frescoes in pagodas and temples often narrate stories from religious texts and mythical legends. In the present day, Vietnamese art is evolving and modernizing, allowing artists to blend traditional and new elements in their works.

• Example: Water puppetry is a traditional Vietnamese puppetry form used in theatrical performances where the puppets are controlled underwater. For instance, in Hanoi, you can visit a water puppet theater.

6. Traditional Tattoo in Vietnam:

Tattooing in Vietnam has a rich history and deep cultural significance. Traditional tattooing, known as „Thủy ngọc,“ is a unique form of art that has been passed down from generation to generation. This form of tattooing utilizes traditional patterns and symbols that hold deep spiritual and cultural meanings. In Vietnam, tattoos were traditionally associated with sailors and soldiers who wore tattoos on their bodies as protection from the dangers at sea and in battles. Tattoos were also meant to symbolize strength, courage, and resilience.

Tattooing incorporates traditional patterns such as dragons, phoenixes, and other symbols significant to Vietnamese culture. Tattoos are still popular and are predominantly done on the hands, feet, and chest. However, traditional tattooing requires a skilled artist who understands the symbolism and traditional techniques.

• Example: An example of Vietnamese tattooing could be a dragon, which is one of the most common motifs. In traditional Vietnamese culture, the dragon is a symbol of strength, wisdom, and power. Dragon tattoos can be highly detailed and intricate.

7. Folk Music and Dance in Vietnam:

Folk music and dance hold a special place in Vietnamese culture. These artistic expressions are a way to bring to life and celebrate the history, customs, and everyday life in Vietnam. Folk music and dance are means of expressing emotions, telling stories, and sharing traditions. Vietnamese folk music is rich and diverse. One of the most popular instruments is the „đàn tranh,“ a traditional string instrument. Songs and melodies often reflect the landscape, daily life, and historical events. The music can be melancholic and moving or, conversely, joyful and rhythmic.

Closely associated with folk music is traditional Vietnamese dance. These dances feature intricate steps and a rhythm in harmony with the music. Dance is a way to express joy, celebration, and community. Traditional dances often include beautifully adorned costumes and props.

• Example: The traditional dance „Mua roi nang“ depicts a story of love and destiny and is often performed at village festivals.

8. Production and Wearing of Áo Dài:

Áo Dài is a traditional Vietnamese attire known for its elegance and beauty. This iconic costume consists of a tight-fitting tunic paired with loose pants. Áo Dài is a symbol of Vietnamese style and culture, holding deep significance within the Vietnamese community. The production of Áo Dài is a craftsmanship that requires skill and patience. Traditionally, it is made from silk or other high-quality materials and is worn by both women and men.

The fabric is carefully chosen and then hand-sewn to create a beautiful tunic and pants. Details like embroidery and decorations are meticulously done to accentuate the garment’s beauty and elegance. Áo Dài is worn on various occasions, including weddings, festivals, and special events. It is also part of the school uniform for students in Vietnam, although it is not worn regularly, only on special occasions or events. Many high schools require uniforms instead of Áo Dài, promoting a sense of unity and identity among people.

• Example: Áo Dài is prominently used during important New Year celebrations like TET when this beautiful attire is much more visible.

9. Festive Parades and Festivals in Vietnam:

Vietnam is known for its rich and diverse festive parades and festivals that celebrate various aspects of the country’s culture, traditions, and history. These events are filled with colors, music, and joy, attracting thousands of participants and spectators from all over the world.

One of the most famous festivals is „Tet Nguyen Dan“, which is the Vietnamese New Year celebrated with grand parades, fireworks, and traditional rituals. Another popular festival is the „Huong Pagoda Festival,“ which combines religious reverence with the beauty of nature. During this festival, people visit shrines in caves and pay homage to the Buddhist goddess.

Festivals are also associated with fishing and agriculture traditions, such as the „Kate Festival“ of the Cham ethnic group. This festival celebrates the harvest and features traditional dances and rituals. In the Mekong region, there is the „Ok-Om-Bok“ festival, which celebrates the rice harvest and is accompanied by joyful parades and traditional games.

• Example: The festive parade during the Huế Festival includes traditional costumes, military formations, and historical reenactments.

10. Tea Ceremonies in Vietnam:

In Vietnam, tea ceremonies are not just a way of enjoying a favorite beverage but also a means of expressing reverence for tradition and important social connections. These ceremonies reflect the profound significance of tea in Vietnamese culture and highlight respect for guests and traditions. Vietnamese tea culture is known for its unique approaches to tea preparation and serving. Tea houses and shops are common and often offer a wide range of quality teas. During tea ceremonies, tea is carefully prepared, often using specialized utensils such as tea kettles, cups, and filters.

The ceremony often begins with a welcoming of guests and an offering of tea. The tea preparation is a calm process that emphasizes attention to detail and hospitality toward the guests. Tea is then served with respect and dedication to the guests. People can enjoy tea in silence and contemplate its taste and aroma.

• Example: During tea ceremonies, sweets like lotus seeds or pastries are often served to balance the bitterness of the tea with the sweetness of the treats. In northern Vietnam, you can, for example, visit the Moc Chau area, known for its tea plantations.

➡️ 8 Important and Revered Holidays in Vietnam:

Vietnam celebrates a variety of traditional festivals and celebrations, some of which are of great significance to Vietnamese culture and society. Here are the most important holidays in Vietnam:

• • 1. Tet Nguyen Dan (Vietnamese New Year): Tet is the most important and widely celebrated holiday in Vietnam. It is celebrated at the beginning of the lunar calendar and lasts for several days. People exchange gifts, clean their homes, prepare traditional foods, and visit their families. Tet is a time for family gatherings and paying respect to ancestors.
  • 2. Tet Trung Thu (Mid-Autumn Festival): This holiday, also known as the Moon Festival, is celebrated in the eighth month of the lunar calendar. The celebrations include a traditional lantern parade, dances, and various sweets like mooncakes and sweet moon-shaped pastries.
  • 3. Tet Doan Ngo (Summer Solstice Festival): This holiday takes place in the fifth month of the lunar calendar and is associated with a ritual of cleansing the body from evil spirits and toxins. People traditionally eat green sticky rice cakes and nuts to celebrate.
  • 4. Le Phat Dan (Buddhist Festival): This festival is dedicated to Buddhism and is celebrated on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. People visit Buddhist temples, offer prayers, and donate food and gifts to the monks.
  • 5. Quoc Khanh (Independence Day): Celebrated on September 2nd, this holiday marks the independence of Vietnam and the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Celebrations include military parades and national events.
  • 6. Le Vu Lan (Mother’s Day): This holiday is associated with Buddhism and is dedicated to honoring mothers and ancestors. People visit cemeteries and offer food and gifts to their ancestors.
  • 7. Hoi Lim (Elephant Festival): This festival celebrates the birthday of the Elephant God in Buddhist tradition. Traditional celebrations include processions and various fun activities.
  • 8. Le Hoi Duong Sinh (Resurrection Festival): This holiday celebrates the rebirth of life in nature and the importance of the ecosystem. Celebrations include various rituals and outdoor festivities.

These holidays and celebrations play an important role in Vietnamese culture and society, providing people with opportunities to connect with traditional values, family, and celebrate significant moments in life.

❓ Questions – Vietnamese Culture, Traditions, Customs:

1. What is the significance of Tet (Vietnamese New Year) in Vietnamese culture?

• • Tet is the most significant holiday in Vietnam, involving thorough house cleaning, celebrations with family and friends, traditional rituals, and the preparation of symbolic meals. It is a time of hope, new beginnings, and paying respect to ancestors. Massive movements and travel take place across the country.

2. What are the key aspects of Vietnamese cuisine, and what is the significance of herbs?

• • Vietnamese cuisine is characterized by fresh ingredients and aromatic herbs such as cilantro, mint leaves, and basil. These herbs give dishes a spicy character and enhance flavors.

3. What role do pagodas and temples play in Vietnamese culture and religious life?

• • Pagodas and temples are important places of spiritual worship and reflect faith in Vietnam. They are centers of various religious traditions and are also cultural landmarks, frequently visited during festivals.

4. What role does art and crafts play in Vietnamese culture?

• • Art and crafts are important aspects of Vietnamese culture. Traditional forms include painting, sculpture, pottery, and silk production. These artistic expressions reflect a rich history and the skills of artisans. You can purchase products made this way as a tourist item.

5. What is the significance of traditional Vietnamese tattooing, and what are common motifs?

• • Traditional Vietnamese tattooing, known as „Thủy ngọc,“ has historical significance associated with sailors and soldiers. Common motifs include dragons, phoenixes, and other symbols of strength, wisdom, and beauty.

6. What is the significance of Vietnamese festivals?

• • Vietnamese festivals have deep historical, cultural, and social significance and play an important role in the lives of Vietnamese people. Overall, Vietnamese festivals are a way to celebrate, honor traditions, build relationships, and express national pride. These events are carefully planned and serve to preserve the cultural identity and heritage of Vietnam.

7. What is the significance of Vietnamese folk dances and music in the culture?

• • Folk music and dance are ways to express emotions and traditions. Common motifs include national landscapes and historical stories. Traditional instruments include đàn tranh and others.

8. What does wearing Áo Dài, the traditional costume, symbolize and signify?

• • Áo Dài symbolizes elegance, beauty, and dignity. Wearing Áo Dài is a way to express self-confidence and pride in Vietnamese culture.

9. What are the cultural traditions of ethnic minorities in Vietnam?

• • Cultural traditions of ethnic minorities in Vietnam are diverse and can vary significantly from region to region. These traditions are an important part of Vietnamese cultural diversity and are protected and revered as a crucial part of the national cultural heritage.

10. What is the role of tea ceremonies in Vietnamese culture?

• • Tea ceremonies are a way of honoring tradition and social connection. During these ceremonies, tea is carefully prepared and served with respect and care, creating a calm and harmonious space for gatherings and conversations.

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